In 1990, the country's net migration (numbers of migrants entering the country minus those leaving) was 28,000, and, by 2000, this had become a loss of 68,000 a year, in a population of about 11 million. According to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI), which measures life expectancy, literacy, and standard of living, Burkina Faso has the third lowest HDI in the world, outranked only by Niger and Sierra Leone.Īlthough the country has seen some rural migration to the capital Ouagadougou, at least two-thirds of migration is to Côte d'Ivoire, its neighbor to the south and the traditional destination of Burkinabè emigrants. ![]() Since its independence from France in 1960, the country has struggled to improve its agriculture-based economy. Overall, one Burkinabè in five now lives abroad. In the last 50 years, more traditional migration patterns have been reestablished, though these have retained important colonial characteristics. ![]() The arrival of European colonial powers in the 19th century completely reshaped migration patterns. For the Western African nation of Burkina Faso, as with its neighbors in the region, migration has been a way of life for over 1,000 years as people followed livestock and crops on a seasonal basis.
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